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Biomechanics Research

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Lift
Lunge
Point & Shoot Setup

Quick setup, immediate motion capture.

Automatic Calibration

Ensures accurate skeletal model building.

Markerless Tracking

Precision with zero instrumentation.

Visual3D Integration

Automatically exports captured data.

Streamlined Workflows

Natively integrates with QTM and Nexus.

Best-in-Class Precision

Extensive validation ensuring accuracy & repeatability.

Point & Shoot Setup

Quick setup, immediate motion capture.

Automatic Calibration

Ensures accurate skeletal model building.

Markerless Tracking

Precision with zero instrumentation.

Visual3D Integration

Automatically exports captured data.

Streamlined Workflows

Natively integrates with QTM and Nexus.

Best-in-Class Precision

Extensive validation ensuring accuracy & repeatability.

Point & Shoot Setup

Quick setup, immediate motion capture.

Automatic Calibration

Ensures accurate skeletal model building.

Markerless Tracking

Precision with zero instrumentation.

Visual3D Integration

Automatically exports captured data.

Streamlined Workflows

Natively integrates with QTM and Nexus.

Best-in-Class Precision

Extensive validation ensuring accuracy & repeatability.

Try Theia Mode
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Trusted By

Kevin Deluzio
Professor and Dean
Stephen J. R. Smith Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science at Queen's University
Theia3D provides a new, standardized paradigm for big data collection.

Gone are the days of multi-year training for motion capture. We have been able to use Theia3D to facilitate large-scale, multi-site projects despite turnover to our graduate student body. Theia3D provides a new, standardized paradigm for big data collection.

Susan Boehnke, PhD
Associate Professor, Centre for Neuroscience Studies Queen's University
Director, NeuroTech Micro-credential Program
Theia3D empowers students with hands-on experience.

With Theia3D, we provide students with hands-on experience using cutting-edge biomechanics technology, equipping future researchers with valuable data analysis and experimental design skills. In a recent capstone course, students designed and piloted research projects within two weeks, highlighting Theia3D’s role in academic and applied research environments.

Janie Wilson, PhD
Professor at Dalhousie University School of Biomedical Engineering
Director of the Wilson Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab
Theia3D has enabled high-volume collection and analysis of human biomechanics.

Using Theia3D, researchers conducted high-volume biomechanics data collection in real-world research environments, enabling the development of robust biomechanical and statistical models to study the mechanical pathways associated with osteoarthritis (OA) development and progression.

Arnel Aguinaldo
Professor | Director
PLNU X Padres Biomechanics Lab
Theia3D delivers research-grade, markerless motion capture to any environment — from labs and applied research spaces to sports fields and product-testing settings. One system with endless applications for capturing real human movement.

Theia3D plays an integral role in helping us meet our priority objectives in research and player development. Having a valid, reliable, and feasible motion capture solution enables biomechanical analysis of movement across athlete and research cohorts in natural environments, without the encumbrance of markers or IMUs.

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Key Applications

Comprehensive solutions for diverse biomechanics research needs.
Biomechanics Research

Gait

Reduce assessment time by up to 66% with zero instrumentation. Participants can move freely in normal clothing while capturing both typical and atypical gait patterns for biomechanical analysis. Full 3D analysis using ISB standards.

Gait
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Running

Assess athletes in the lab or natural environments to determine the impact of shoes and running styles, and provide feedback to improve form. Optimize running economy and enhance performance with precise running motion capture data during fast-paced movements.

Running
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Functional Assessment

Analyze changes in movement mechanics over time using high-fidelity, repeatable biomechanical data. Establish baseline measurements and compare movement patterns across training phases to support objective performance analysis and workload discussions.

Functional Assessment
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Performance Assessment

Rapidly evaluate athletes’ performance, gain sport-specific insights, and personalize training plans. Assess athletes in various environments, from weight rooms to outdoor tracks, using advanced sports biomechanics.

Performance Assessment
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Occupational Biomechanics

Understand occupational risk factors non-invasively. Synchronize external devices to estimate joint loads, and collect large datasets quickly through 3D biomechanical analysis. Ideal for ergonomic assessments and improving workplace safety and performance.

Occupational Biomechanics
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Teaching & Instruction

Showcase 3D biomechanics, explore experimental design effects, and engage students with hands-on teaching in a lab or tutorial setting. Utilize motion capture technology to enhance biomechanics education and practical learning.

Teaching & Instruction
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Why Theia?

Precision motion tracking

We use advanced deep learning techniques and inverse kinematics to fully solve the 3D pose of skeletal segments precisely (<1cm, 3°) without the need for instrumentation. Ideal for researchers and professionals seeking precise human motion tracking and analysis capabilities. Explore a complete list of validation articles citing Theia3D.

Versatile hardware compatibility

Theia3D seamlessly integrates with various hardware systems and camera solutions, enabling you to choose the equipment that best fits your needs and eliminating the need to continually invest in the ‘latest equipment’.

Customized setup solutions

Collaborating with our diverse partner network, we curate tailored software packages to match your unique use case and requirements, ensuring optimal performance and efficiency.

Supreme accuracy guaranteed

Harnessing advanced deep-learning algorithms, we deliver unparalleled accuracy in generating 3D multi-body models, ensuring consistency and reliability for seamless analysis and reporting.

Best-in-class onboarding & support

Our simplified onboarding will enable you to become a Theia expert within a matter of hours. Our dedicated support team is available to guide you every step of the way.

Streamlined usability & flexible integration

We make it easy for researchers, performance staff, retail teams, gym owners, and other users to operate the system, eliminating the need for specialized personnel or extensive training.

Data-centric and adaptive solution

Your data stays compatible with all software updates, ensuring continuity and supporting future R&D advancements.

Data sovereignty assurance

Your data ownership is a top priority. With our commitment to privacy and security, be assured that as an offline software solution, we never access any of your sensitive data, ensuring your confidentiality.

How It Works

Simplifying motion capture from start to finish.
Calibrate
Record
Analyze

Calibrate

Use a standard wand or your proprietary Theia3D calibration board (shipped at purchase) for flawless and fully automatic motion capture setup. This minimizes errors and optimizes data collection, ensuring top-tier accuracy.

Record

Capture multi-camera video in your environment with subjects wearing their everyday clothing. No preparation or spandex suits required. Allow natural movement in the environments that matter.

Analyze

Leverage Theia3D's motion capture technology to track 124 keypoints for precise 3D skeletal models. Designed for Functional Movement, Sports Performance, Athletic Apparel & Equipment Innovation, Biomechanics Research, and Custom Commercial Solutions. Load videos and calibration files into Theia3D for automatic motion measurement and analysis. Export data in multiple formats, including .c3d files, allowing seamless review and reporting of key metrics.

Resources

Between-Day Reliability of Markerless Motion Capture for Single-Leg Squat and Landing Tasks

Can markerless motion capture be trusted for repeated athlete screening and monitoring? A 2025 study published in the International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy evaluated the between-day reliability of markerless motion capture during single-leg squats and single-leg landing tasks. Using Theia3D, researchers found low measurement error and good-to-moderate reliability, with performance comparable to traditional marker-based motion capture, supporting its use for regular athlete monitoring and injury-risk screening.
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Assessing the Accuracy of Markerless Motion Capture for High-Speed Baseball Pitching

A new peer-reviewed study published in the Journal of Sports Sciences (Nov 2025) evaluated the accuracy of two multi-camera markerless motion capture systems – including Theia3D – against a marker-based reference during high-speed baseball pitching. Using synchronized captures from 18 collegiate pitchers throwing max-effort fastballs in an MLB stadium, the study assessed joint position accuracy, kinematic waveform agreement, and kinetic metrics of interest for injury and risk assessment.
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Inter-Session Reliability of Markerless Motion Capture for Return-to-Sport Screening Tasks

A 2025 study from KU Leuven, Liverpool John Moores University, and collaborators evaluated whether Theia3D can reliably measure lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics across two separate testing sessions during common return-to-sport (RTS) tasks.
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How Northwestern University Cuts Data-Collection Time by One-Third Using Markerless Motion Capture

Athletic Movement Performance (AMP) Lab, directed by Dr. Yuki A. Sugimoto in the Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences (PTHMS) at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, is advancing ACL-injury and chronic ankle instability (CAI) research by integrating Theia3D markerless motion capture to analyze high-risk movements – including jumping, landing, sprinting, and cutting – in adolescent and collegiate athletes. With Theia3D, the AMP Lab has streamlined key components of real-world biomechanics data collection, completing sessions approximately one-third faster than before. This increased efficiency allows the team to evaluate more athletes, run more trials, and accelerate investigations into lower-limb injury mechanisms that directly inform sport-performance and sports-medicine decision-making.
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A Decade of Sports Validation: Which Motion Capture Tech Performs Best?

A 2025 Sensors review from Auburn University compares how optical, IMU, and markerless motion capture systems perform across real-world sports environments. The findings reveal that while optical systems remain industry standard, markerless motion capture is quickly closing the gap, offering unmatched scalability, flexibility, and ecological validity for multi-sport organizations.
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Concurrent Assessment of Sprint Running Kinematics Using Marker-Based and Markerless Motion Capture

A July 2025 study published in the Journal of Sports Sciences evaluated the reliability of Theia3D’s markerless motion capture system for assessing lower-limb and trunk kinematics during sprint running. Researchers compared Theia3D against a marker-based optical reference system (Motion Analysis Corp. Raptor) across multiple sprint phases, including early acceleration, mid-acceleration, and top speed. Results showed good to excellent agreement between systems for most joints and movement phases, with some variability at top speed, particularly in pelvic and foot angles. The findings highlight both the promise and the challenges of measuring sprint mechanics with markerless motion capture in high-speed, real-world conditions.
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Comparing Markerless and Marker-Based Gait Kinematics in Children

A new study from Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) compared traditional marker-based gait analysis with Theia3D’s markerless motion capture in typically developing children aged 6-13 years. The findings reinforce that markerless systems like Theia3D can deliver biomechanically meaningful data in pediatric populations while reducing preparation time and participant burden, important steps toward broader clinical adoption.
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Theia3D Validated for Gait Analysis in Older Adults

Researchers from Universidade de Lisboa and KU Leuven set out to evaluate the construct validity of Theia3D markerless motion capture for 3D gait analysis in healthy community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older. Their findings offer strong support for Theia3D’s use in real-world aging populations, especially for sagittal-plane kinematics and kinetics.
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Validating Theia3D for Walking and Running Gait Analysis

How accurate is markerless motion capture when gait speed changes? A new peer-reviewed study published in the Journal of Sports Sciences confirms that Theia3D can reliably capture sagittal-plane lower-limb kinematics during both walking and running at varying speeds as well as capturing kinematic responses to changes in speed, offering researchers and clinicians a validated alternative to traditional marker-based systems.
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Validating Markerless Motion Capture for Ramp and Stair Walking

New peer-reviewed research confirms Theia3D’s ability to reliably capture complex movements beyond level walking, including ramps and stairs, in environments designed to simulate daily life.
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Markerless Motion Capture Validated for Postural Control Research

A new peer-reviewed study confirms that Theia3D delivers highly comparable results to marker-based motion capture (Vicon) when analyzing postural control through principal component analysis (PCA).
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Capturing Ski Jumping Biomechanics with Markerless Motion Capture

How do you study ski jumpers soaring at 80 km/h? At Hokusho University, researchers used Theia3D’s markerless motion capture to record over 600 real-world jumps — uncovering performance insights that lab-based studies simply can’t replicate.
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Static vs. Dynamic: How Markerless Motion Capture Captures Knee Alignment in OA

A new peer-reviewed study from Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Center has shown how markerless motion capture can quantify lower limb alignment in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA) without the limitations of X-rays or traditional marker-based systems.
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Can Markerless Motion Capture Accurately Track Multiple Athletes at Once?

A new 2025 study puts Theia3D to the test in dual-athlete sport tasks, and the results may surprise you.
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How Oregon State University Captured Real-World Running Biomechanics — Without Markers or a Lab

Discover how researchers at Oregon State University used Theia3D’s markerless motion capture system to study trail running biomechanics in real-world environments. This case study details their 10-camera outdoor setup, methodology, and early insights into hip and ankle kinematics across different surfaces and footwear. Learn how markerless tech enabled OSU to capture high-quality, lab-grade data — without markers, force plates, or a controlled environment.
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The One Thing That Makes or Breaks Your Biomechanics Dataset

In this series, we’re unpacking the STRN Quality Framework — a set of 25 measurable features across five key pillars — to help researchers, clinicians, and technology buyers evaluate motion capture systems more effectively. Each post explores one pillar in depth, with practical examples, critical questions to ask, and insights on how markerless systems like Theia3D align with these industry standards.
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How Usable Is Your Motion Capture System?

In this series, we’re unpacking the STRN Quality Framework — a set of 25 measurable features across five key pillars — to help researchers, clinicians, and technology buyers evaluate motion capture systems more effectively. Each post explores one pillar in depth, with practical examples, critical questions to ask, and insights on how markerless systems like Theia3D align with these industry standards.
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The Ethics & Security Standards Your Sports Tech Should Be Meeting

In this series, we’re unpacking the STRN Quality Framework — a set of 25 measurable features across five key pillars — to help researchers, clinicians, and technology buyers evaluate motion capture systems more effectively. Each post explores one pillar in depth, with practical examples, critical questions to ask, and insights on how markerless systems like Theia3D align with these industry standards.
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The Validity Check Every Biomechanics Lab Should Be Running

In this series, we’re unpacking the STRN Quality Framework — a set of 25 measurable features across five key pillars — to help researchers, clinicians, and technology buyers evaluate motion capture systems more effectively. Each post explores one pillar in depth, with practical examples, critical questions to ask, and insights on how markerless systems like Theia3D align with these industry standards.
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Theia3D + GeForce RTX 5090: Next-Level Speed for Markerless Motion Capture

In case you missed it, we recently updated Theia3D Axiom to include support for the newest generation of NVIDIA graphics cards - the GeForce RTX 50 Series. With this exciting update, these new graphics cards can be used to unlock even greater processing performance from Theia3D, allowing you to push the limits of your markerless motion capture workflow. After our initial announcement which included benchmarks for the new RTX 5080, we’re following up to provide even more exciting results - RTX 5090 benchmarks.
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Aligning the Frame: How Reference Frame Differences Impact Markerless vs. Marker-Based Comparisons

When comparing markerless and marker-based motion capture, researchers often find differences in the kinematic outputs. But how much of these discrepancies are true differences in how the movement is measured, and how much comes down to how each system defines the anatomical reference frames? A new study out of Rush University Medical Center and Aesculap AG explores this question using Theia3D - and finds that aligning coordinate systems dramatically improves agreement between systems.
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How Tonal Uses Markerless Motion Capture from Theia3D to Scale Biomechanics Research and Personalize Strength Training

Tonal’s biomechanics team uses Theia3D markerless motion capture to accelerate research, validate motion models, and power features like Smart View. Learn how they’ve streamlined data collection, scaled biomechanics across participants, and turned lab insights into real-time, personalized strength training.
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Improving Change of Direction Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players Using Markerless Motion Capture

A recent study published in Frontiers in Sports and Active Living highlights how brief technique modification training can significantly improve change of direction (COD) performance in adolescent soccer players. Using a markerless motion capture system, the study demonstrated measurable improvements in COD mechanics. This research underscores the value of markerless technology like Theia3D for coaches and sports scientists aiming to optimize performance and reduce injury in adolescent athletes.
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Theia3D Now Supports NVIDIA GeForce RTX 50 Series Graphics Cards

Following our first major software update of 2025 - Theia Axiom - Theia3D now supports the newest generation of graphics cards from NVIDIA - the GeForce RTX 50 Series. These new graphics cards deliver significant performance improvements, allowing you to further push the limits of your markerless motion capture workflow with Theia3D. In this post, we break down what this update means for processing speeds and productivity.
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How Sanford Health Scaled Their Return-to-Play Program with Markerless Motion Capture

Sanford Health, one of the largest U.S. integrated health systems, faced challenges scaling motion capture assessments across clinics due to the limitations of traditional marker-based systems. Managing over 500 ACL evaluations per year, they needed a more efficient, consistent, and scalable solution. By integrating Theia3D markerless motion capture with Qualisys, Sanford streamlined workflows, eliminated the need for technical expertise, and achieved cross-site consistency. The result: faster evaluations, reduced setup time, and reliable data collection that supports high-quality return-to-play decisions across multiple facilities.
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Introducing Theia Axiom - Our First Major 2025 Software Update is Here

You’ve seen the new brand. Now meet the software to match. Theia Axiom, our first major update of 2025, is now available. With a refreshed interface and improved usability, Theia Axiom brings visual polish and functional upgrades to both Theia3D and Theia3D Batch. In this post, we’ll cover what’s new.
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Early Specialization in Ice Hockey Goaltenders: Considerations for Hip Health & Injury Risk

A recent study published in the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT) investigates the relationship between early sports specialization and hip kinematics in ice hockey goaltenders. Using Theia3D markerless motion capture technology, researchers examined how hip movements differ between early specialized (ES) and non-early specialized (NES) goaltenders. The findings suggest that ES goaltenders demonstrate distinct hip movement patterns, potentially as a strategy to mitigate injury risk. This research provides important insights into training practices, injury prevention, and sport specialization guidelines for young athletes.
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Evaluating the Reliability of Markerless Gait Analysis: Insights from Theia3D

A recent study published in PeerJ assessed the reliability of Theia3D’s markerless motion capture system under varying clothing conditions during walking. The findings indicate that both tight and loose-fitting clothing yield consistent gait analysis results, with minimal variation observed between trials and sessions.
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Exciting New Research on Theia3D

This blog post outlines our approach to R&D and includes links to many peer-reviewed articles using or citing Theia3D.
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Theia3D Apollo Release Part 1: Updated Validation

Theia3D's 2024 update, Apollo, is fast approaching! Please stay tuned over the next two weeks as we will be releasing multiple blog posts detailing some of the improvements to look forward to later this month! In this blog post, we provide an update on the validation of Theia3D Apollo against Theia 2023 and our reference marker dataset. This includes an examination of numerous biomechanical measures such as segment and joint angles, and shows subtle but meaningful improvements in several measures across multiple movement types, including slow, fast, cyclic, non-cyclic, bilateral, and unilateral movements. For interested readers, we recommend keeping an eye on the blog for more Theia3D Apollo update posts including a discussion of model changes and the effects of varying degrees of freedom on Theia markerless tracking. Stay tuned!
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Algorithm Development and Avoiding Bias

Avoiding bias in algorithm development and training is a top priority. We consider data, architecture, training procedure as well as testing as critical components, and continually expand on how we test and retest this process to ensure it improves over time. Our goal is to provide a system that can accurately and reliably measure human movement, and these, among other processes, are essential in recognizing and eliminating factors that can negatively impact signal quality.
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Data Management Best Practices

All data is stored and analyzed locally - the user is responsible for the entire data life cycle. Using the C drive (or “boot drive”) for short term storage, an SSD or network drive for medium term storage, and a mass storage device for archiving will ensure that the data is properly managed for analysis and re-analysis, allow the IT protocols and security requirements for sensitive data of the site to be followed, and limit the likelihood of data loss.
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Budgeting for a Markerless System

Everything you need to know about budgeting for a markerless motion capture system.
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Frequently
Asked Questions

Can I integrate peripheral devices like EMG and force plate systems?

Absolutely! As long as the native camera system can sync input signals from these devices, you can merge them with the Theia3D C3D file.

Has Theia3D been validated?

We take validation very seriously. Validation consists of our own internal QA process and benchmark testing as well as third party validation at leading research centers across the world.

We have an extensive repository of current validations performed using Theia3D. You can explore third party research here or reach out to us for more information.

How do I calibrate my Theia3D system?

Theia3D supports multiple calibration paradigms. You can use traditional wand calibration results or our proprietary calibration board, which we provide to you at purchase.

What is the best camera system for use with Theia3D?

This depends on your requirements and end goals. Consider speed of movement, frame rate, camera resolution, and integration with external devices. Please check out our blog where we extensively review key camera requirements and features. If you aren’t still certain, feel free to book a demo and we can discuss options together.

Experience Theia3D

Schedule a demo today to see the future of motion capture technology and discover how Theia can transform your 3D motion analysis, research and performance analysis.

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